/hɑ:d ||; hɑrd/adj1 not soft to touch; not easy to break or bend 硬的；坚硬的: The bed was so hard that I couldn't sleep. 这张床硬邦邦的，我怎么睡也睡不着。Diamonds are the hardest known mineral. 在已知的矿物中，要数钻石最坚硬。 [OPP] soft 反义词为soft
2 hard (for sb) (to do sth) difficult to do or understand; not easy 难做的；难懂的: The first question in the exam was very hard. 第一道试题很难答。This book is hard to understand./It is a hard book to understand. 这本书很难看得明白。It's hard for young people to find good jobs nowadays. 这个年头，年青人很难找到好工作。I find his attitude very hard to take (= difficult to accept). 我觉得很难接受他的看法。 [OPP] easy 反义词为easy
3 needing or using a lot of physical strength or mental effort 费劲的；费神的: It's a hard climb to the top of the hill. 爬到山顶可不容易。 Hard work is said to be good for you. 据说辛苦工作对你有益。He's a hard worker. 他工作很努力。
4 (used about a person) not feeling or showing kindness or pity; not gentle （指人）严厉的，心肠硬的，冷酷的: You have to be hard to succeed in business. 事业要成功，非硬起心肠不可。 [OPP] soft or lenient 反义词为soft或lenient
5 (used about conditions) unpleasant or unhappy; full of difficulty （指情况或境况）难堪的，艰难的: He had a hard time when his parents died. 父母死后他有一段日子很不好过。to have a hard day/life/childhood 一天╱一生╱童年过得艰苦
6 (used about the weather) very cold （指天气）严寒的: The forecast is for a hard winter/frost. 气象预报说，今年的冬天很寒冷╱有严重的霜冻。 [OPP] mild 反义词为mild
7 (used about water) containing particular minerals so that soap does not make many bubbles （指水）含无机盐的，硬的:
We live in a hard water area. 我们住在硬水地带。 [OPP] soft 反义词为soft➔hardness noun [U] a hard act to follow a person or a thing that it is difficult to do better than 很难超越的人或事
be hard at it to be working very hard doing sth 努力工作；使劲干
be hard on sb/sth 1 to treat sb/sth in a harsh way or to make things difficult 对某人或某事过分严厉；使为难: Don't be too hard on her -- she's only a child. 别对她太严厉，她还是个孩子。
2 to be unfair to sb 不公正地对待（某人）: Moving the office to the country is a bit hard on the people who haven't got a car. 对没有汽车的人来说，把办公室搬到郊外有点不公平。
give sb a hard time(
informal 非正式) to make a situation unpleasant, embarrassing or difficult for sb 使人不快、难堪或难受
hard and fast (used about rules, etc) that cannot be changed （指规定等）不容改变，死板:
There are no hard and fast rules about this. 在这方面，没有什么严格的规定。 hard facts information that is true, not just people's opinions 铁的事实
hard luck→
LUCK unable to hear well 听觉不灵；重听；（耳朵）有点背
hard to swallow difficult to believe 难以相信
have a hard job doing/to do sth;have a hard time doing sth to do sth with great difficulty 艰苦地干某活
no hard feelings(
spoken 口语) used to tell sb you do not feel angry after an argument, etc （用于告诉某人发生争执等以后你不生气）:
‘No hard feelings, I hope,’ he said, offering me his hand. “但愿你没有生气，”他边说边朝我伸出手来。 the hard way through having unpleasant or difficult experiences, rather than learning from what you are told 以自己的不快或惨痛经历（而不是汲取别人的教训）:
She won't listen to my advice so she'll just have to learn the hard way. 她不愿听我的忠告，因此她要吃了苦头以后才能明白。 take a hard line (on sth) to deal with sth in a very serious way that you will not allow anyone to change 采取强硬立场:
The government has taken a hard line on people who drink and drive. 政府已经对酒后驾车的人采取强硬措施。