雅思长难句解析(83) | 长难句 “综合版”

例句1

In the early first millennium BCE, they introduced the qanat method of tunnel construction, which consisted of placing posts over a hill in a straight line, to ensure that the tunnel kept to its route, and then digging vertical shafts down into the ground at regular intervals.(剑16 Test4 Passage1 )

 

1)结构分析

 

层次一:

主句:they introduced the qanat method of tunnel construction

修饰①:in .......BCE【介短状语,修饰主句】 

修饰②:which allow........ intervals 【which定从,修饰qanat method】

 

层次二:

修饰②内部:

主体:consisted of placing .... and then digging.... intervals

修饰:to ensure that the tunnel kept to its route【to do状语,修饰digging..,表目的】

 

结构总结:介短+主句+定从【嵌套to do】

 

2)译文分析:红体字代表主干,括号代表修饰,大括号包括小括号

 

(在公元前一千年的早期),他们引进了暗渠隧道的建造方法,【在山上沿直线放置标杆(以确保隧道不偏离路线),然后每隔固定距离就向下挖掘深入地下的竖井】

 

3)重点词汇:

millennium:n. 前年

tunnel construction:(词组)隧道建造

consisted of:(词组) 由.....组成

kept to its route:(词组) 不偏离路线

place:v. 放置

post:n. 标杆

dig:v. 挖掘

regualr:adj. 规律的

interval:n. 间隔

 

 

例句2

Once the tunnel was completed, it allowed water to flow from the top of a hillside down towards a canal, which supplied water for human use (剑16 Test4 Passage1)

 

1)结构分析 

 

层次一:

主句:it allowed water to flow from the top of a hillside down towards a canal

修饰①:once......completed【once状从,修饰主句,表条件】

修饰②:which.......use【which定从,修饰canal】

 

结构总结:主句+状从+定从

 

2)译文分析:红体字代表主干,括号代表修饰,大括号包括小括号

 

(一旦隧道完工),水就可以从山顶流向运河,(为人类提供用水)

 

3)重点词汇:

tunnel:n. 隧道

complete:v. 完工

supply:v. 提供

 

 

例句3

To ensure that the shafts were vertical, Romans hung a plumb line from a rod placed across the top of each shaft and made sure that the weight at the end of it hung in the center of the shaft. (剑16 Test3 Passage3)

 

1) 结构分析: 

 

层次一:

主句:Romans hung a plumb line and make sure that the weight hung in the center of shaft

修饰①:to.....vertical【as状从,修饰主句,表原因】

修饰②:from.....shaft【介短状,修饰主句,表地点】

 

层次二:

修饰②内部:

主体:from a rod

修饰①:placed ..... shaft【done分词定语,修饰rod】

 

结构总结:主句+介短+介短【嵌套done】

 

2)译文分析:红体字代表主干,括号代表修饰,大括号包括小括号

 

(为了确保竖井是垂直的),罗马人挂了一条延锤线【(在横穿竖井顶部的)杆上】,以此确保(延垂线末端的)延锤挂在竖井的中间

 

3)重点词汇:

shafts:n. 竖井

vertical:adj. 垂直的

plumb line:(词组)延锤线

hang:v. 悬挂

rod:n. 竿

weight:n. 延锤