托福词汇:常见熟词僻义单词

  熟词僻义甚至生义的频率越来越高,也逐渐成为托福考试中一个非常重要的考点甚至拉分点,今天就给大家简单例举一些。

  01 Plant

  【常用释义】n.植物;v. 种植【生僻释义】n.工厂

  【例句】By the late 1990s some 70 geothermal electric-generating plants were in operation in California. (TPO 21-1 Geothermal Energy)

  【解析】plant作“工厂”的含义,是很多人不熟悉的,如本句中electric-generating plants意为“发电厂”。整句话理解为,在1990年代晚期有大概70个地热发电厂在加州运作。

  02 Spell

  【常用释义】v.拼写【生僻释义】n.一段时间

  【例句】Escape involves such actions as aestivation, a condition of prolonged dormancy, or torpor, during which animals reduce their metabolic rate and body temperature during the hot season or during very dry spells(TPO 26-2 Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions)

  【解析】spell在托福阅读中,会考察到它做名词的意思,“一段时间”。本句中的very dry spells解释为一段干燥的时间。

  整句话理解为,逃避的行为包括了“夏眠”,也就是一段长时间休眠状态,或麻痹状态,在这期间动物会在炎热的季节或干旱时期,降低新陈代谢速率和身体温度。

  03 Might

  【常用释义】v.may的过去式,可能【生僻释义】n.威力;力气

  【例句】As always, there are the power worshippers, especially among historians, who are predisposed to admire whatever is strong, who feel more attracted to the might of Rome than to the subtlety of Greece. (TPO 7-2 Ancient Rome and Greece)

  【解析】might可以作名词,意思为威力。如military might,武装力量;或with all one's might,竭尽全力。此句理解为:一如既往地,存在很多力量的崇拜者,尤其在历史学家之间。他们倾向于钦佩一切强大的东西,更会被罗马的力量所吸引,而不是希腊的精细。

  04 Fine

  【常用释义】adj.健康的,好的;n.罚款

  【生僻释义】adj.细微的,小颗粒的

  【例句】In other cases, the finer particles may be removed, while the sand-sized particles are accumulated to form mobile hills or ridges of sand. (TPO 2-1 Desert Formation)

  【解析】fine在托福阅读中,经常会被考察到“细微的,小颗粒的”的意思,在地质学的文章中,一般会修饰particle, grain等,表示细小的颗粒物。例句整句话的意思是在另外的情况下,那些更小的颗粒可能被移走,然而那些沙粒大小的颗粒被聚集寄来形成移动的小山或者沙丘。

  05 Address

  【常用释义】n.地址

  【生僻释义】v.处理

  【例句】She began to address more ambitious themes in her dances such as The Sea, in which her dancers invisibly agitated a huge expanse of silk, played upon by colored lights(OG8 Loie Fuller)

  【解析】address作”处理”的含义,常跟‹task, problem›搭配。句子中,in which her dancers…是介词提前的定语从句,修饰The Sea; played upon by colored lights做后置定语,修饰a huge expanse of silk.

  整句话翻译为:她开始着手处理更有野心的主题,比如作品大海,在这个作品中舞者们在色光灯所创造的辽阔的隐形丝绸下摇摆。

  06 Intimate

  【常用释义】adj.亲密的

  【生僻释义】adj.详尽的

  【例句】People who had an intimate knowledge of the behavior of wild cattle moved closer together to cooperate in taming the herd, regardless of where they found them. (TPO 28-2 Early Saharan Pastoralists)

  【解析】intimate “亲密的”释义外,还有大家不太熟悉的“详尽的”意思,常用短语是to have an intimate knowledge of something,对某事物了如指掌。本句中的intimate就是这个用法。整句话理解为:那些对野牛行为了如指掌的人们,搬到了一起去驯养兽群,不管兽群是在哪里被发现的。

  07 Work

  【常用释义】n.工作

  【生僻释义】v.加工

  【例句】Hence a writing tablet dated 25 April tells of 343 menat one fort engaged on tasks like shoemaking, building a bathhouse, operatingkilns, digging clay, and working lead.(TPO 19-1 The Roman Army's Impact on Britain)

  【解析】work一般都指的是工作的意思,而在这句话里作了及物动词,加工的意思。整句话的含义大概为:因此一个写了日期4月25号的板子描述了343个在要塞的男人参与到各种任务中,如做鞋子,建公共浴室,运营窑炉,挖陶土以及处理铅。

  08 Exercise

  【常用释义】v.锻炼;练习【生僻释义】v.实施;运用

  【例句】They exercised an influence far in excess of their numbers.(TPO46-2 The Commercial Revolution in Medieval Europe)

  【解析】exercise 常用的含义为名词或动词的“锻炼”。而在托福阅读中,经常会考察到“实施,使用”的意思,常用搭配是to exercise considerable or a great deal of influence over sb./sth.对某人/某事物产生很大影响,或者to exercise care in doing [something]小心做某事。本句理解为,他们发挥的影响远远超过他们的人口数量。

  熟词僻义没有规律可循,当尝试用熟义去翻译熟词却行不通时,那同学们就要注意是否遇到了僻义,可以通过上下文来判断单词在句子中的意思。